THERAPEUTICS
Review: vaccines against human papillomavirus prevent cervical cancer precursors in young women for at least 3 years
Do vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) prevent HPV 16/18 related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in young women?
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Ault KA, for the Future II Study Group. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2007;369:1861–8.
Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care 
Gynaecology Public health
METHODS
Design:prespecified combined analysis of 4 randomised controlled trials.
Allocation:concealed.*
Blinding:blinded (clinicians, participants, outcome assessors, and adjudication committee).*
Follow-up period:mean 3 years (maximum 4 y). Follow-up started on day 1 in the intention-to-treat and susceptible populations and 1 month after the third dose of vaccine in the per protocol population.
Setting:clinics in North America, Latin America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
Participants:20 583 healthy, non-pregnant women 16–26 years of age (mean 20 y) with no history of abnormal results on cervical cytological testing. Women with >4–5 lifetime sex partners were excluded.
Intervention:
monovalent HPV 16 (n = 1204) or quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18
University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Vulvovaginal disorders
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Screening (oncology)
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Immunology (including allergy)
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