THERAPEUTICS
Review: antioxidant supplements do not reduce all-cause mortality in primary or secondary prevention
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
G Bjelakovic
Dr G Bjelakovic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. goranb@junis.ni.ac.yu
QUESTION
Do antioxidant supplements reduce all-cause mortality in primary or secondary prevention?
REVIEW SCOPE
Included studies compared antioxidant supplements (β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, or selenium) with placebo or no intervention in healthy participants (primary prevention) or in patients with any disease (secondary prevention) who were 
18 years of age. Studies of patients with acute, infectious, or malignant diseases (except non-melanoma skin cancer), or of children or pregnant women, were excluded. Outcome was all-cause mortality.
REVIEW METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, and Science Citation Index Expanded (all to Oct 2005); Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2005); and reference lists were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Pharmaceutical companies were contacted. 67 RCTs (n = 232 550, mean age 62 y, 55% men, based on 63 RCTs) met the selection criteria: 21 RCTs (n = 164 439) included healthy participants, and 46 RCTs (n =
Pacific Palisades Medical Group, Malibu, California, USA
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