At least three out of every four women will acquire human papillomavirus (HPV), the world’s most common sexually transmitted viral infection, at some time in their lives.1 The full burden of HPV comprises a broad spectrum of health impacts from screening to the development of invasive cervical cancer and death. Worldwide, more than half a million women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, and more than a quarter of a million women die from the disease, typically in the prime of their lives.2 Accordingly, the final results of the PATRICIA trial address an important public health problem. They provide more robust efficacy data for clinically relevant pre-cancer disease outcomes, add to our knowledge regarding the duration of vaccine efficacy, …