Footnotes

• Contributors All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and each meets the criteria for authorship established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and verify the validity of the results reported.

• Funding This study was funded by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. DK56338).

• Competing interests DYG is supported by Public Health Service grant DK56338, which funds the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center. DYG is a consultant for RedHill Biopharma regarding novel Helicobacter pylori therapies and has received research support for culture of H. pylori and is the PI of an international study of the use of antimycobacterial therapy for Crohn’s disease. He is also a consultant for BioGaia in relation to probiotic therapy for H. pylori infection and for Takeda in relation to H. pylori therapies.

• Patient consent Not required.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.