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- diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
- diabetic angiopathies
- diabetic nephropathies
- diabetic retinopathy
- glomerular filtration rate
- hypertension
QUESTION: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia, does involvement in managing their disease improve outcomes?
Design
Randomised (unclear allocation concealment*), unblinded,* controlled trial with 4 years of follow up.
Setting
A hospital diabetes outpatient clinic in Israel.
Patients
141 patients who were 45–70 years age (mean age 57 y, 51% women) with type 2 diabetes, blood pressure >140 mm Hg systolic or >90 mm Hg diastolic, and hyperlipidaemia. Exclusion criteria included diabetes duration >10 years, body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2, smoking, serum creatinine >176 μmol/l, albumin to creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g, and history of vascular surgery. Follow up was 91%.
Intervention
Patients were allocated to the participation programme (PP) (n=71) or to standard consultation (SC) (n=70). Patients in the PP group attended a 1 hour teaching session and were given …