Rate control v rhythm control for recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation at mean 2.3 years follow up‡
| Outcomes | Rate control | Rhythm control | Absolute difference (90% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ‡Abbreviations defined in glossary; composite endpoint = death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure, thromboembolic complications, bleeding, need for pacemaker implantation, or severe adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Criterion for non-inferiority was a CI upper boundary ≤10%. | |||
| Composite endpoint | 17.2% | 22.6% | −5.4% (−11.0 to 0.4) |
| Severe adverse effects | 0.8% | 4.5% | −3.7% (−6.0 to −1.4) |