Diagnostic characteristics of 3 screening questionnaires and unaided clinical diagnosis for detecting depression†
| Tests | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (CI) | PPV | NPV | +LR | −LR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| †WHO-5 = World Health Organization Wellbeing Index; GHQ-12 = General Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 = Brief Patient Health Questionnaire, 9 items; PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value. Diagnostic terms defined in glossary; LRs calculated from data in article. | ||||||
| WHO-5 | 93% (95 to 98) | 64% (59 to 69) | 34% | 98% | 2.58 | 0.11 |
| CHQ-12 | 85% (74 to 92) | 62% (57 to 67) | 31% | 95% | 2.24 | 0.24 |
| PHQ-9 | 78% (66 to 87) | 85% (81 to 89) | 51% | 95% | 5.20 | 0.26 |
| Clinical diagnosis | 65% (53 to 76) | 74% (69 to 79) | 34% | 91% | 2.50 | 0.47 |