Meta-analysis of trials with diet and/or physical activity-based interventions in pregnancy with available IPD
| Outcome | Meta-analysis | Trials (n) | Women (n) | Effect estimate* | 95% CI | Test for funnel plot asymmetry† |
| Gestational weight gain | Published data | 27 | 8697 | −1.01 | (−1.41 to 0.61) | 0.14 |
| IPD | 32 | 9320 | −0.70 | (−0.92 to 0.48) | 0.04 | |
| Gestational diabetes | Published data | 18 | 8898 | 0.86 | (0.67 to 1.10) | 0.04 |
| IPD | 27 | 9427 | 0.89 | (0.72 to 1.10) | 0.03 | |
| Preterm delivery | Published data | 17 | 9003 | 0.79 | (0.63 to 0.99) | 0.64 |
| IPD | 32 | 11 676 | 0.94 | (0.78 to 1.13) | 0.32 | |
| Any caesarean section | Published data | 23 | 9178 | 0.91 | (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.13 |
| IPD | 32 | 11 410 | 0.91 | (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.88 | |
| Small-for-gestational age | Published data | 5 | 2807 | 1.19 | (0.92 to 1.54) | NA |
| IPD | 33 | 11 666 | 1.06 | (0.94 to 1.20) | 0.74 | |
| Large for gestational age | published data | 10 | 5583 | 0.90 | (0.70 to 1.14) | 0.72 |
| IPD | 34 | 12 047 | 0.90 | (0.76 to 1.07) | 0.86 | |
| Admission to NICU | Published data | 5 | 5387 | 1.02 | (0.89 to 1.18) | NA |
| IPD | 16 | 8140 | 1.01 | (0.84 to 1.23) | 0.44 |
*Mean difference for gestational weight gain and OR for binary outcomes.
†Egger’s test for gestational weight gain and Peter’s test for binary outcomes.
IPD, individual participant data; NA, not applicable due to number of observations; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.