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Aetiology
Haemoglobin A1c concentrations were associated with increased cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebm.10.2.57

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    Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, et al. Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:413–20.
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 Q What is the relation between haemoglobin (Hb) A1c concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) events, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and all cause mortality?

    Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★☆☆ Cardiology ★★★★★★☆ Endocrine ★★★★★☆☆

    METHODS

    Embedded ImageDesign:

    cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk [EPIC-Norfolk]) with a mean follow up of 6 years.

    Embedded ImageSetting:

    Norfolk, UK.

    Embedded ImagePatients:

    10 232 patients 45–79 years of age (54% women, 2.4% with diabetes) who were recruited from general practice registers and had baseline data on a health and lifestyle questionnaire and HbA1c concentrations.

    Embedded ImageRisk factors:

    HbA1c concentrations, known diabetes, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentrations, triglyceride concentrations, cigarette smoking, and history of heart attack or stroke.

    Embedded ImageOutcomes:

    CHD events (hospital admission or death from CHD), CVD events (hospital admission …

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    Footnotes

    • For correspondence: Dr K T Khaw, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. kk101medschl.cam.ac.uk

    • Sources of funding: Medical Research Council United Kingdom; Cancer Research United Kingdom; European Union; Stroke Association; British Heart Foundation.