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Q In healthy women ⩾ 45 years of age, how effective is vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer?
Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★☆☆ Internal medicine ★★★★★☆☆
METHODS
Design:
randomised placebo controlled trial (Women’s Health Study [WHS], a randomised 2 × 2 factorial trial).
Allocation:
concealed.*
Blinding:
blinded {participants, healthcare providers, data collectors, and outcome assessors}†.*
Follow up period:
mean 10.1 years.
Setting:
{a mail-based trial in female health professionals in the US}†.
Participants:
39 876 women ⩾45 years of age (mean age 55 y) without previous history of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer), CVD, or other major chronic illness; no history of adverse effects to aspirin; not taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs more than once per week; not taking anticoagulants or corticosteroids; and not taking individual supplements of vitamin A, vitamin E, or β carotene more than once …
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