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Diagnosis
Review: simple questions and clinical tests are moderately useful for diagnosing urinary incontinence

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebm.13.5.152

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    J M Holroyd-Leduc

    Dr J M Holroyd-Leduc, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; jayna.holroyd-leduc@calgaryhealthregion.ca

    QUESTION

    How accurate are clinical procedures and tests for diagnosing urinary incontinence (UI) in adults?

    REVIEW SCOPE

    Included studies evaluated clinical diagnosis of stress or urge UI in adults and used a reference standard of diagnosis by an expert (urologist or urogynaecologist) and/or urodynamic studies in all patients. Outcomes were summary positive (+LR) and negative (−LR) likelihood ratios.

    REVIEW METHODS

    Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (to Jul 2007), and reference lists were searched for cohort and case-control studies published in English. 40 studies (age range 16–98 y, >99% women) met the selection criteria.

    MAIN RESULTS

    Simple questions such as “Do you lose urine during sudden physical exertion, lifting, coughing, or sneezing?” and “Do you experience such a strong and sudden urge to …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: no external funding.