Context

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) resynchronises heart contractions using biventricular pacing and may be combined with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD); this combination is referred to as a CRT-defibrillator (CRT-D). Current clinical guidelines recommend the use of a CRT-D in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, reduced systolic function and ventricular conduction delay.1 Recent clinical trials have shown that CRT also improves outcomes in patients with mild heart failure,2 ,3 but the cost-effectiveness in these patients is unclear. Woo et al …