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Original research
General medicine
Association of serum magnesium level change with in-hospital mortality
  1. Charat Thongprayoon1,
  2. Wisit Cheungpasitporn2,
  3. Panupong Hansrivijit3,
  4. Sorkko Thirunavukkarasu1,
  5. Api Chewcharat1,
  6. Juan Medaura2,
  7. Michael A Mao4,
  8. Kianoush B Kashani1,5
  1. 1 Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
  2. 2 Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
  3. 3 Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
  4. 4 Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
  5. 5 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Charat Thongprayoon, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; charat.thongprayoon{at}gmail.com

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the association of in-hospital mortality risk based on change in serum magnesium levels in hospitalised patients. All adult patients admitted to our hospital from years 2009 to 2013 with at least two serum magnesium measurements during hospitalisation were included. Serum magnesium change, defined as the absolute difference between the highest and lowest serum magnesium, was categorised into six groups: 0–0.2, 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6, 0.7–0.8, 0.9–1.0, ≥1.1 mg/dL. In-hospital mortality was the outcome of interest. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between serum magnesium change and in-hospital mortality, using serum magnesium change of 0.0–0.2 mg/dL as the reference group. A total of 42 141 patients, with the median serum magnesium change during hospital stay of 0.3 (IQR 0.2–0.6) mg/dL, were studied. In-hospital mortality based on serum magnesium change of 0–0.2, 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6, 0.7–0.8, 0.9–1.0, ≥1.1 mg/dL was 1.3%, 2.3%, 3.1%, 5.0%, 6.5%, and 8.8%, respectively (p<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, increased serum magnesium change was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality with adjusted OR of 1.39 (95% 1.14–1.69) in serum magnesium change of 0.3–0.4, 1.48 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.81) in 0.5–0.6, 1.89 (95% CI 1.53 to 2.34) in 0.7–0.8, 1.85 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.37) in 0.9–1.0 and 1.89 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.41) in ≥1.1 mg/dL when compared with serum magnesium change group of 0–0.2 mg/dL. Increased in-hospital mortality was associated with both downward and upward trends of serum magnesium change during hospitalisation. The greater extent of change in serum magnesium levels was progressively associated with increased in-hospital mortality

  • nephrology
  • epidemiology

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111322

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors CT, WC, PH and KBK conceived and originated the project. CT and WC performed data collection. CT, PH, ST and AC analysed and interpreted data. CT, WC, PH, ST, AC, JM, MAM and KBK drafted the manuscript. JM, MAM and KBK critically revised the manuscript. CT, WC and KBK approved the version to be published.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request.