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Therapeutics
Vitamin E did not reduce myocardial infarction, death, or stroke in adults at high risk for cardiovascular events

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebm.5.5.137

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    (2000) N Engl J Med 342, 154. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators.. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.. Jan 20;. :. –60.
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 QUESTION: In adults who have a high risk for cardiovascular events, do vitamin E supplements improve cardiovascular outcomes?

    Design

    Randomised {allocation concealed*}†, blinded {patients, clinicians, and outcome assessors}‡,* placebo controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design and a mean follow up of 4.5 years (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation [HOPE] study).

    Setting

    {161 centers in North America, 76 in 14 western European countries, and 30 in Argentina and Brazil.}‡

    Patients

    9541 patients (mean age 66 y, 73% men) who were {≥55 years of age and had a history of coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes and ≥1 other cardiovascular disease risk factor. Exclusion criteria were heart failure, ejection …

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    Footnotes

    • Sources of funding: Medical Research Council of Canada; Natural Source Vitamin E Association; Negma; Hoechst-Marion Roussel; AstraZeneca; King Pharmaceuticals; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.

    • For correspondence:Dr S Yusuf, Canadian Cardiovascular Collaboration Project Office, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada. Fax +1 905 521 1166.

    • ↵* See glossary.

    • ↵† The HOPE Study Investigators. Can J Cardiol 1996;12:127–37.

    • ↵‡ The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145–53.