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QUESTION: Is a combination of topical permethrin (PER) and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) better than either PER or TMP/SMX alone for treating head lice infestation (HLI)?
Design
Randomised (unclear allocation concealment*), blinded (unclear),* controlled trial with 4 weeks follow up.
Setting
3 private paediatric and family practices in San Joaquin County, California, USA.
Patients
115 children who were 2–13 years of age (70% girls) and were diagnosed with HLI (clinical suspicion of lice or eggs). Children with hypersensitivity to TMP/SMX or 1% PER or with a history of parental non-compliance or neglect were excluded from the study. 97% of children completed follow up.
Intervention
In all treatment groups, parents were instructed to first wash their child's hair with regular shampoo and then rinse. 39 children were allocated to 1% PER, for which parents were …
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