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QUESTION: In patients who have had myocardial infarction, heart failure, or hypertension, do β blockers increase depressive symptoms, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction?
Data sources
Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966–2001) with the keywords myocardial infarction, heart failure, or hypertension in combination with the keywords adrenergic β antagonists and trial; and by scanning reference lists.
Study selection
English language studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials with a placebo comparison, were not crossover trials, enrolled ≥100 patients, and had ≥6 months of follow up.
Data extraction
Data were extracted on number of patients; presence of heart failure, hypertension, or myocardial infarction; length of follow up; type of β blocker; and patient reported adverse events (ie, depressive symptoms, fatigue, …
Supplementary materials
. Additional Comments
Reply to Dr Swann (commentator) by the original authors, Ko et al.
Response from Dr Swann to the reply
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