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Candesartan reduced mortality and hospital admissions in chronic heart failure

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 Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ Cardiology ★★★★★★☆
 



 Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★☆☆ Cardiology ★★★★★☆☆
 



 Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★☆☆ Cardiology ★★★★★★☆
 



 Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★☆☆☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★☆☆ Cardiology ★★★★★★★
 
 
 Q In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), does the angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) candesartan reduce death and hospital admissions?

METHODS

Embedded ImageDesign:

3-component randomised, placebo controlled trial (Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity [CHARM] study).

Embedded ImageAllocation:

concealed.*

Embedded ImageBlinding:

blinded (clinicians, patients, data collectors, outcome assessors, monitoring committee, manuscript writers, and data analysts).*

Embedded ImageFollow up period:

median 37.7 months.

Embedded ImageSetting:

618 centres in 26 countries.

Embedded ImagePatients:

7601 patients who were ⩾18 years of age and had symptomatic CHF (New York Heart Association class II–IV) for ⩾4 weeks. Major exclusion criteria included serum creatinine ⩾265 μmol/l; serum potassium ⩾5.5 mmol/l; bilateral renal artery stenosis; symptomatic hypotension; critical aortic or mitral stenosis; myocardial infarction, stroke, or open heart surgery in the previous 4 weeks; use of an ARB in the previous 2 weeks; other serious disease likely to limit 2 year survival; and potential for pregnancy. Patients were enrolled in 1 of 3 component trials: CHARM-Added involved patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ⩽40% who were being treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for ⩾30 days (n = 2548); CHARM-Alternative involved patients with LVEF ⩽40% who were intolerant of ACE inhibitors (n = 2028); …

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Footnotes

  • * See glossary.

  • For correspondence: Professor C H A R M-Overall: M A Pfeffer, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. mpfefferrics.bwh.harvard.edu

  • For correspondence: Professor C H A R M-Added: J McMurray Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. j.mcmurraybio.gla.ac.uk

  • For correspondence: Dr C H A R M-Alternative: C B Granger Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. grang001mc.duke.edu

  • For correspondence: Professor C H A R M-Preserved: S Yusuf McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. yusufsmcmaster.ca

  • Source of funding: AstraZeneca R&D.

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