METHODS

Design:

randomised controlled trial.

Allocation:

{concealed}†.*

Blinding:

{unblinded}†.*

Follow up period:

6–8 weeks, 14–16 weeks, and 18 months.

Setting:

{Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda}†.

Patients:

626 women who were {⩾18 years of age (mean age 24.5 y) at >32 weeks gestation, tested HIV-1 positive, and lived near the study site. Exclusion criteria included current antiretroviral or HIV-1 immunotherapy, uncontrolled hypertension, haemoglobin concentration <75 g/l, blood creatinine concentration >1.5 mg/dl, blood alanine aminotransferase concentration >3 times the upper limit of normal, and chronic alcohol or illicit drug use.}†

Interventions:

Of the 313 mothers who were allocated to a 200 mg nevirapine tablet at the onset of labour, …