TY - JOUR T1 - Review: simple questions and clinical tests are moderately useful for diagnosing urinary incontinence JF - Evidence Based Medicine JO - Evid Based Med SP - 152 LP - 152 DO - 10.1136/ebm.13.5.152 VL - 13 IS - 5 A2 - , Y1 - 2008/10/01 UR - http://ebm.bmj.com/content/13/5/152.abstract N2 - J M Holroyd-LeducDr J M Holroyd-Leduc, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; jayna.holroyd-leduc@calgaryhealthregion.caHow accurate are clinical procedures and tests for diagnosing urinary incontinence (UI) in adults?Included studies evaluated clinical diagnosis of stress or urge UI in adults and used a reference standard of diagnosis by an expert (urologist or urogynaecologist) and/or urodynamic studies in all patients. Outcomes were summary positive (+LR) and negative (−LR) likelihood ratios.Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (to Jul 2007), and reference lists were searched for cohort and case-control studies published in English. 40 studies (age range 16–98 y, >99% women) met the selection criteria.Simple questions such as “Do you lose urine during sudden physical exertion, lifting, coughing, or sneezing?” and “Do you experience such a strong and sudden urge to … ER -