TY - JOUR T1 - Review: clonidine is more effective than placebo for long term smoking cessation, but has side effects JF - Evidence Based Medicine JO - Evid Based Med SP - 19 LP - 19 DO - 10.1136/ebm.10.1.19 VL - 10 IS - 1 A2 - , Y1 - 2005/02/01 UR - http://ebm.bmj.com/content/10/1/19.abstract N2 - Gourlay SG, Stead LF, Benowitz NL. Clonidine for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD000058. 
 
 Q Is oral or transdermal clonidine more effective than placebo for achieving long term smoking cessation? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★☆☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ Data sources: Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register, Medline, and PsycLIT (up to May 2004); and the email newsgroup of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco for unpublished studies. Study selection and assessment: randomised, placebo controlled trials that compared oral or transdermal clonidine (maximum daily dosage ⩾0.2 mg) with placebo. Methodological quality of individual studies was assessed for randomisation procedure and blinding. Outcomes: smoking cessation at ⩾12 weeks (biochemical verification of sustained abstinence assessed ⩾12 wk after the end of treatment). 6 trials (n = 776) met the inclusion criteria. Assessment of blinding and details of the randomisation procedure were not reported in any of the studies. 4 of the 6 trials used biochemical verification of smoking abstinence … ER -