TY - JOUR T1 - Epidermal lidocaine safely reduced pain in children having venipuncture at the antecubital fossa JF - Evidence Based Medicine JO - Evid Based Med SP - 180 LP - 180 DO - 10.1136/ebm.10.6.180 VL - 10 IS - 6 A2 - , Y1 - 2005/12/01 UR - http://ebm.bmj.com/content/10/6/180.abstract N2 - Migdal M, Chudzynska-Pomianowska E, Vause E, et al. Rapid, needle-free delivery of lidocaine for reducing the pain of venipuncture among pediatric subjects. Pediatrics 2005;11:e393–8. 
 
 Q In children having venipuncture at the antecubital fossa, what is the optimal configuration of a single use, needle free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered lidocaine into the epidermis for rapid production of local anaesthesia? Clinical impact ratings Paediatrics ★★★★★★☆ Design: randomised, placebo controlled trial. Allocation: unclear.* Blinding: blinded (patients, healthcare providers, data collectors, and outcome assessors).* Follow up period: pain was measured immediately after treatment with lidocaine or placebo and again after venipuncture. Setting: a single centre (country not stated). Patients: 145 children 3–18 years of age (median age 10 y, 50% boys) having venipuncture at the antecubital fossa who had sufficient cognitive skills to identify faces representing the extremes of pain. Exclusion criteria included a history of allergic reactions to local anaesthetic, active … ER -