TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiovascular events were increased in patients with high cardiovascular risk who had albuminuria JF - Evidence Based Medicine JO - Evid Based Med SP - 29 LP - 29 DO - 10.1136/ebm.7.1.29 VL - 7 IS - 1 A2 - , Y1 - 2002/01/01 UR - http://ebm.bmj.com/content/7/1/29.abstract N2 - Gerstein HG, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al, for the HOPE Study Investigators. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.JAMA2001 Jul 25;286:421–6.OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
 
 QUESTION: Is any degree of albuminuria a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events in high risk patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM)? Cohort study of patients enrolled in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study with a median 4.5 years of follow up. Community and academic practices in Europe and North and South America. 9043 patients ≥ 55 years of age who had a history of previous CV disease (either coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease) or a history of DM plus ≥ 1 other CV risk factor (total cholesterol concentration > 5.2 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration ≤ 0.9 mmol/l, hypertension, known microalbuminuria, or current smoker). Exclusion criteria included dipstick-positive proteinuria or established diabetic nephropathy, other renal disease, hyperkalemia, congestive heart failure (CHF), low-ejection fraction, and hypersensitivity to vitamin E or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Baseline data were collected on age, sex, smoking … ER -