Independent predictors of mortality in heart failure and systolic dysfunction*
| Variable | Reference group | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality at 12 months | Mortality at 36 months | ||
| *BP = blood pressure. Hazard ratios are per 1 group increase for the following categorical variables: age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, clinical signs or symptoms, and per 1 group decrease for body mass index and blood pressure. | |||
| †Rales, increased jugular venous pressure, peripheral oedema, dyspnoea, limitation of activity, S3 gallop, or radiological evidence of pulmonary congestion. | |||
| Age | <50 years | Not significant | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.28) |
| Ejection fraction (per 10% decrease) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) | |
| NYHA class | Class I | 1.44 (1.24 to 1.68) | 1.29 (1.18 to 1.41) |
| Cardiothoracic ratio >50% | 1.60 (1.29 to 1.97) | 1.34 (1.19 to 1.52) | |
| Clinical signs or symptoms† | 0–1 signs or symptoms | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.24) |
| Serum creatinine (per mg/dl increase) | 1.85 (1.49 to 2.28) | 1.73 (1.51 to 2.02) | |
| Body mass index | >29.7 kg/m2 | 1.18 (1.08 to 1.28) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.15) |
| Diastolic BP | >80 mm Hg | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.28) | Not significant |
| Systolic BP | >139 mm Hg | Not significant | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) |
| Nitrates | Not significant | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.32) | |
| Diabetes ischaemic aetiology | 1.46 (1.19 to 1.79) | 1.43 (1.26 to 1.63) | |