Table 2

Types of interventions evaluated in this review

InterventionsIncluded interventions
Acceptance/mindfulness

  • Acceptance and commitment therapy

  • Mindfulness cognitive behavioural therapy

Antidepressant medications

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

  • Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

  • Atypical agents

Biological interventions

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Cognitive behavioural therapy

  • Behavioural therapy

  • Behavioural activation

  • Cognitive therapy

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy

  • Group cognitive behavioural therapy

  • Problem-solving therapy

Computer-based CBT

  • Computer-based cognitive behavioural therapy

  • Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy

Control

  • Usual care

  • Waiting list

  • No treatment

Interpersonal psychotherapy

  • Interpersonal psychotherapy

Naturopathic

  • Acupuncture

  • Herbals

  • Vitamin D

  • Zinc

  • St Johns Wart

  • Omega-3

Physical activity

  • Exercise

  • Lifestyle

  • Physical activity

  • Qi gong

  • Tai Chi

  • Yoga

Psychodynamic therapies

  • Psychodynamic therapies

Psychotherapy

  • Counselling

  • Non-directive psychotherapy

  • Supportive therapy, relaxation