Table 1

Examples of complex systematic reviews that fit our criteria

Title of reviewJustification for inclusion
Community engagement to reduce inequalities in health: a systematic review, meta-analysis and economic analysis.19 This review incorporated different perspectives and viewpoints into the synthesis, presenting its findings in the context of service, social and health perspectives. The study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data.
Diffusion of innovations in service organisations: systematic review and recommendations.20 Developed a new evidence synthesis technique, which the authors called a meta-narrative review. The study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data.
Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review.21 This review systematically included data from several different sources: comparing human and animal data from the same design for the same outcome. A large quantity of data was analysed (over 200 primary animal studies).
Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments.22 This was the first review to base its synthesis on regulatory evidence only. The highly skilled and multidisciplinary team developed new methods of synthesis for this type of primary data.
Non-pharmacological treatments for stuttering in children and adults: a systematic review and evaluation of clinical effectiveness and exploration of barriers to successful outcomes.23 A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative literature, which identified over 100 unique papers for inclusion. Presented quantitative data on clinical effectiveness as well as qualitative data on barriers and facilitators to effectiveness. Presented perspectives of participants with the condition and their carers.