Category | Number of studies (N=100) | Number of comparisons (n=224) |
Perspective* | ||
Third-party payer | 83 | 175 |
Societal | 21 | 40 |
Patients | 4 | 9 |
Model type | ||
Markov | 96 | 216 |
Discrete event simulation | 3 | 7 |
Economic evaluation alongside clinical trial | 1 | 1 |
Time horizon | ||
Lifetime | 96 | 217 |
Non-lifetime | 4 | 7 |
Discount rate for cost | ||
Not reported | 3 | 12 |
≤3% | 53 | 112 |
>3% | 44 | 100 |
Discount rate for utility* | ||
Not reported | 3 | 11 |
≤3% | 58 | 134 |
>3% | 40 | 79 |
Clinical data source | ||
Published literature | 81 | 181 |
Published literature and evidence synthesis | 3 | 17 |
Published literature and registry database | 11 | 18 |
Evidence synthesis | 2 | 5 |
Registry database | 3 | 3 |
Utility data source | ||
Published literature | 93 | 209 |
Published literature and registry database | 4 | 11 |
Survey | 3 | 4 |
Currency year | ||
2008–2013 | 65 | 133 |
2014–2019 | 35 | 91 |
Cost-effectiveness threshold | ||
Country-specific | 73 | 172 |
Gross domestic products-based | 23 | 45 |
Others | 4 | 7 |
Cost-effectiveness result* | ||
Cost-effective | 84 | 166 |
Not cost-effective | 24 | 58 |
*The total number of studies are more than 100 because individual studies applied multiple methods.