Table 2

Data from primary studies on whether COVID-19 outcomes in PWA differ based on subgroup characteristics

Study IDAgeMedicationAsthma severity/type/comorbidities
Bozek and Winterstein33 Hospitalisation:
↓ Montelukast
Chhiba et al 10 ICU admission:
↑ ICS
Choi et al 34 ICU admission:
↑ ICS
↓ LABA
↓ SABA
↔ LAMA
Mortality:
↑ ICS
↔ LABA
↑ SABA
↓ LAMA		Mortality:
Asthma severity ↔
Kim et al 38 Mortality
Association between asthma and mortality ↑ with increasing age
Keswani et al 37 ICU admission:
↓ Allergic asthma (compared with non-allergic asthma)
Mahdavinia et al 43 OR for association between asthma and hospitalisation ↑ with increasing age
OR for association between asthma and ICU admission less clear by age (association ↑ in those aged 50–64 compared with those aged 18–49 or 65+)
Schultze et al 49 Mortality
compared with SABA:
↑ Low/medium-dose ICS
↑↑ High-dose ICS
Wang et al 18 Increasing age:
↑↑ Hospitalisation
↔ ICU admission
↑↑ Mortality		Hospitalisation:
↓ ICS
↑ ICS-LABA
ICU admission:
↓ ICS
↓ ICS-LABA
Mortality:
↓ ICS
↓ ICS-LABA		Hospitalisation:
↑↑ COPD
ICU admission:
↑ COPD
Mortality:
↑ COPD
Williamson et al 8 Mortality:
↑ OCS (oral corticosteroid) use
Yang et al 9 ↓↓ Allergic asthma (compared with non-allergic asthma)
Severe clinical outcomes (composite scores)
↓↓ Allergic asthma (compared with non-allergic asthma)
Zhu et al 12 ↓ Allergic asthma (compared with non-allergic asthma)
↑ COPD

  • Arrows indicate direction of association; double arrows indicate statistical significance.

  • COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; ICU, intensive care unit; LABA, long-acting beta agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; PWA, people with asthma; SABA, short-acting beta agonist.