Table 1

Network meta-analysis results comparing the effects of different interventions for clinically important upper GI bleeding (N=94 RCTs) including risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs

Antacids
1.13
(0.49,2.58)		Anticholinergic
0.90
(0.38,2.13)		0.80
(0.25,2.56)		Bioflavonoids
0.86
(0.60,1.23)		0.76
(0.34,1.70)		0.95
(0.39,2.32)		Cimetidine
2.52
(0.75,8.47)		2.24
(0.55,9.16)		2.79
(0.65,12.00)		2.94
(0.91,9.51)		Esomeprazole
0.91
(0.37,2.26)		0.81
(0.26,2.56)		1.01
(0.30,3.38)		1.06
(0.44,2.58)		0.36
(0.10,1.27)		Famotidine
3.59
(0.76,16.89)		3.19
(0.57,17.73)		3.97
(0.70,22.44)		4.19
(0.89,19.76)		1.42
(0.21,9.83)		3.94
(0.69,22.61)		Ranitidine
+Antacids
4.67
(0.50,44.02)		4.14
(0.39,43.53)		5.16
(0.48,56.02)		5.44
(0.58,50.97)		1.85
(0.16,21.81)		5.12
(0.55,47.86)		1.30
(0.09,19.31)		Lansoprazole
1.44
(0.82,2.53)		1.28
(0.52,3.13)		1.59
(0.60,4.25)		1.68
(0.97,2.89)		0.57
(0.16,2.04)		1.58
(0.60,4.18)		0.40
(0.08,1.98)		0.31
(0.03,3.00)		Omeprazole
0.65
(0.30,1.43)		0.58
(0.20,1.66)		0.72
(0.23,2.23)		0.76
(0.35,1.64)		0.26
(0.07,1.01)		0.72
(0.26,1.97)		0.18
(0.03,0.99)		0.14
(0.01,1.41)		0.45
(0.19,1.08)		Pantoprazole
0.38
(0.16,0.89)		0.34
(0.11,1.06)		0.42
(0.13,1.38)		0.44
(0.19,1.04)		0.15
(0.04,0.64)		0.42
(0.12,1.39)		0.11
(0.02,0.61)		0.08
(0.01,0.88)		0.26
(0.10,0.70)		0.58
(0.19,1.77)		Prostaglandin analogues
8.03
(0.39,166.07)		7.12
(0.32,159.09)		8.88
(0.39,203.69)		9.35
(0.45,193.45)		3.18
(0.12,81.33)		8.80
(0.38,202.06)		2.23
(0.08,65.45)		1.72
(0.04,72.87)		5.57
(0.27,116.15)		12.28
(0.55,272.60)		21.15
(0.92,485.87)		Rabeprazole
0.89
(0.60,1.34)		0.79
(0.36,1.75)		0.99
(0.40,2.41)		1.04
(0.70,1.55)		0.35
(0.10,1.20)		0.98
(0.40,2.40)		0.25
(0.05,1.17)		0.19
(0.02,1.80)		0.62
(0.39,0.98)		1.36
(0.63,2.95)		2.35
(0.96,5.77)		0.11
(0.01,2.24)		Ranitidine
0.89
(0.63,1.25)		0.79
(0.35,1.77)		0.98
(0.42,2.28)		1.03
(0.72,1.47)		0.35
(0.11,1.17)		0.97
(0.40,2.34)		0.25
(0.05,1.12)		0.19
(0.02,1.78)		0.61
(0.36,1.04)		1.35
(0.63,2.92)		2.33
(0.97,5.62)		0.11
(0.01,2.26)		0.99
(0.71,1.39)		Sucralfate
0.89
(0.19,4.13)		0.79
(0.15,4.24)		0.99
(0.18,5.55)		1.04
(0.22,4.81)		0.35
(0.05,2.40)		0.98
(0.17,5.51)		0.25
(0.03,2.11)		0.19
(0.01,2.80)		0.62
(0.13,2.91)		1.36
(0.26,7.23)		2.35
(0.42,13.26)		0.11
(0.01,2.24)		1.00
(0.23,4.39)		1.01
(0.22,4.59)		Teprenone
0.48
(0.33,0.68)		0.42
(0.19,0.93)		0.53
(0.22,1.28)		0.56
(0.40,0.77)		0.19
(0.06,0.63)		0.52
(0.22,1.24)		0.13
(0.03,0.62)		0.10
(0.01,0.94)		0.33
(0.20,0.56)		0.73
(0.36,1.47)		1.26
(0.53,2.99)		0.06
(0.00,1.22)		0.54
(0.38,0.76)		0.54
(0.39,0.75)		0.54
(0.12,2.45)		Placebo

  • RR<1 means the bottom-right intervention is protective.

  • *Bold font indicates statistically significant effect estimates

  • GI, gastrointestinal; RCTs, randomised controlled trials.