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The incidence of major bleeding among patients receiving warfarin ranges from 1.35% to 3.4%, and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) occurs in up to 0.7% of cases/annum.1 Therefore, effective strategies for warfarin reversal in patients with major bleeding are important. Historically, only fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and intravenous vitamin K1 have been available for emergency reversal, neither of which immediately restores vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors.2 FFP administration is often associated with lengthy delays and well-described potential risks.
Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) are plasma derived, virally inactivated clotting factors that can be used for reversing warfarin coagulopathy. They can broadly …
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Competing interests None.