Context

With the licensing and subsequent roll-out of female vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in many, mainly high-resource settings, there has emerged a chorus of voices advocating vaccination for males. The interest in male vaccination has intensified with the publication of early observational data from Australia heralding the effectiveness of vaccination when high coverage is achieved1 ,2 and the results of clinical trials demonstrating efficacy against infection and disease in males.3 A recent mathematical modelling study by Brisson et al provides estimates of the potential long-term benefits of HPV vaccination, including the incremental benefit of adding male vaccination to an existing female-only programme.